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Masana'antar safar roba ta Malaysia: Mai Kyau, Mummuna Da Mummuna - Tattaunawa

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Daga Francis E. Hutchinson da Pritish Bhattacharya

Ci gaba da yaduwar cutar COVID-19 da ke haifar da Order Control Movement (MCO) sun yiwa tattalin arzikin Malaysia mummunan rauni. Yayin da Ma’aikatar Kudi ta kasar a baya ta yi hasashen cewa GDP na kasa zai ragu da kusan kashi 4.5 cikin 100 a shekarar 2020, sabbin bayanai sun nuna cewa ainihin raguwar ya fi kaifi, da kashi 5.8 cikin dari. [1]

Haka kuma, bisa ga hasashen da manazarta a Bankin Negara Malaysia suka yi a shekarar da ta gabata, kasar na iya tsammanin saurin farfadowa da zai kai kashi 8 cikin 100 a 2021. Amma ci gaba da fadada takunkumin ya kuma ba da haske ga yanayin. Tabbas, sabon kiyasi da Bankin Duniya yayi shine cewa tattalin arzikin Malaysia zai bunkasa da mafi akasarin kashi 6.7 cikin 100 a wannan shekarar. [2]

Matsalar tattalin arzikin da ta lullube kasar - da duniya - tun shekarar da ta gabata, duk da haka, wani bangare ya haskaka ta hanyar rawar gaban hantsin bangaren safar hannun roba ta Malaysia. Kodayake kasar ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samar da safar hannu ta roba, yawan neman kayan aikin kare kai ya kawo karuwar bangaren.

A cikin 2019, Manufungiyar Maƙeran Rubber Glove Manufacturers (MARGMA) ta annabta cewa buƙatar duniya ta safofin hannu na roba zai tashi a cikin ƙananan kashi 12 cikin ɗari, wanda zai kai jimlar biliyan 300 a ƙarshen 2020.

Amma yayin yaduwar kwayar cutar daga wata ƙasa zuwa waccan, waɗannan ƙididdigar an sake bita da sauri. Dangane da sabon alkaluman da aka fitar, bukatar ta karu zuwa kimanin biliyan 360 a bara, wanda hakan ya sa aka samu ci gaban shekara zuwa kusan kashi 20 cikin dari. Daga cikin wadatattun abubuwan da aka samar, Malaysia ta kawata kusan kashi biyu bisa uku, ko safar hannu biliyan 240. Adadin da aka kiyasta a duk duniya na wannan shekarar ya kai kimanin biliyan 420. [3]

Dangane da Binciken Kasuwancin Dagewa, wannan tashin hankalin da ake nema ya haifar da ninka sau goma a cikin matsakaicin farashin sayar da safar hannu ta nitrile - mafi bambancin neman safofin hannu na likitanci. Kafin annobar ta barke, masu amfani sun fitar da dala kusan $ 3 don fakitin safar hannu 100 ta nitrile; farashin yanzu ya tashi zuwa dala 32. [4]

Gwanin kamfani na safar hannu roba ya samar da sha'awa mai yawa ga Malaysia da sauran wurare. A gefe guda, yawan sabbin furodusoshi ya shigo masana'antar daga sassa daban-daban kamar ƙasa, dabino, da IT. A wani bangaren kuma, tsaurara bincike ya ba da haske a kan kewayon ayyukan da ba su da kyau. Musamman, da yawa daga cikin manyan masana'antar sun ja hankali kan zargin take hakkin ma'aikata da kuma neman riba ta hanyar su - koda a lokacin yalwa.

Duk da yake yana da inganci, akwai siffofin tsari da yawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Wasu suna da alaƙa da ɓangaren safar hannu na roba kanta, wasu kuma suna da alaƙa da yalwar yanayin manufofin da take aiki. Waɗannan batutuwan suna jawo hankali ga buƙatar masu kamfani da masu tsara manufofi a cikin Malesiya, da masu amfani da gwamnatoci a cikin ƙasashen abokan ciniki, don duban ɓangaren da ayyukan samarwa gaba ɗaya.

Mai kyau

Kamar yadda lamarin ya kasance a shekarar da ta gabata, ana sa ran buƙatar safofin hannu na likitanci ya haɓaka a cikin ƙimar da ba a taɓa gani ba a wannan shekara. Hasashen na MARGMA na 2021 ya nuna ci gaban da ya kai kashi 15-20 cikin 100, tare da buƙatar duniya da za a buga gutsunan hannu na biliyan 420 a ƙarshen shekara, saboda yawan hauhawar al'amuran da ke yaɗuwa a cikin al'umma da kuma gano sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta. wayar cutar.

Ba a tsammanin yanayin ya canza duk da cewa yawancin ƙasashe suna haɓaka shirye-shiryen rigakafin su. A zahiri, ƙaddamar da allurar riga-kafi za ta ƙara buƙata saboda ana buƙatar safar hannu ta gwaji don yin allurar rigakafin.

Fiye da hasken rana, ɓangaren yana da sauran fa'idodi masu yawa. Yana haɓaka albarkatun ƙasa wanda Malesiya ke samarwa mai yawa - roba.

Samun babban kayan albarkatun kasa, tare da saka hannun jari mai yawa a kan lokaci don inganta ayyukan samarwa, ya ba kasar damar tabbatar da jagorancin da ba zai yiwu ba a bangaren. Wannan, hakan kuma, ya haifar da babban tsarin tsabtace muhalli na fitattun 'yan wasa da kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki wadanda gaba daya suka baiwa bangaren damar yin aiki yadda ya kamata. [5]

Koyaya, akwai gasa mai ƙarfi daga wasu ƙasashe masu kera safar hannu, musamman China da Thailand - manyan masana'antar roba a duniya.

Amma kamfanin MARGMA na fatan kasar Malesiya za ta ci gaba da rike matsayinta na asali bisa tsarin masana'antar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasar, wanda ke samar da ababen more rayuwa masu kyau, kyakkyawan yanayin kasuwanci, da manufofin sada zumunci. Ari da, a cikin ƙasashe biyu masu gasa, haɗakar ƙwadago da kuzarin makamashi sun fi na Malaysia yawa. [6]

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ɓangaren safar hannu na roba ya sami cikakken goyon baya daga gwamnati. Ana gani a matsayin babban jigon tattalin arziƙi, ɓangaren roba, gami da masana'antar safar hannu, ɗayan ɗayan Yankunan Maɓallin Tattalin Arziƙi na Manya 12 ne na Malasia (NKEAs).

Wannan matsayin na fifiko ya ƙunshi keɓaɓɓen tallafi da ƙarfafawa na gwamnati. Misali, don inganta ayyukan da ke zuwa sama, gwamnati na bayar da tallafin gas ga bangaren roba - wani taimako ne na musamman, ganin cewa kudin gas din ya kai kashi 10-15 cikin 100 na kudin samar da safar hannu. [7]

Hakanan, Hukumar Raya holdersananan Masana'antu ta Rubber (RISDA) tana saka jari sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen shuka da kuma sake shuka yankin.

Idan ya zo bangaren tsaka-mai-wuya, ayyukan da Hukumar Kula da Rubber ta Malaysia (MRB) suka yi don bunkasa dorewar hadin gwiwar R & D na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ya haifar da ci gaba da bunkasa fasahar zamani ta hanyar ingantattun layukan tsomawa da kuma ingantattun tsarin kula da inganci mai kyau. [8] Kuma, don haɓaka ayyukan ƙasa, Malesiya ta kawar da aikin shigo da kaya daga duk nau'ikan roba-inuwa da sarrafa ta. [9]

Yawan yawo a kundin tallace-tallace, hade da tsalle a farashin saida, tsadar kayan masarufi, wadatar ma'aikata masu sauki, ingantaccen kayan aiki, da tallafi na jihohi, ya haifar da ci gaba mai yawa a cikin kudin shigar manyan masana'antun safar hannu na kasar. darajar kowane ɗayan waɗanda suka kafa na Malaysia Manyan Hudu kamfanonin safar hannu - Top Glove Corp Bhd, Hartalega Holdings Bhd, Kossan Rubber Industries Bhd, da Supermax Corp Bhd - yanzu sun ƙetare babbar hanyar dala biliyan.

Fiye da manyan 'yan wasan masana'antar suna jin daɗin farashi mai fa'ida, hauhawar faɗaɗa faɗaɗa abubuwa, da jin daɗin ribar da suka samu, [10] playersan wasa ƙanana a cikin ɓangaren suma sun zaɓi ƙara ƙarfin masana'antun. Saboda haka yawan cin riba ne wanda hatta kamfanoni a bangarorin da aka katse kamar ƙasa da IT sun yanke shawarar tsunduma cikin safar hannu. [11]

Dangane da kiyasin MARGMA, masana'antar safar hannu ta roba ta Malaysia sun dauki kusan mutane 71,800 aiki a shekarar 2019. 'Yan kasar sun kai kashi 39 na ma'aikatan (28,000) kuma bakin haure daga kasashen waje suka samar da sauran kashi 61 cikin dari (43,800).

Ganin karuwar bukatar da ake da ita a duniya, yanzu haka masu yin safar hannu suna fuskantar karancin ma'aikata. Masana'antar cikin gaggawa tana buƙatar haɓaka ma'aikatanta da kusan kashi 32, ko ma'aikata 25,000. Amma daukar aiki cikin hanzari ya kasance kalubale duba da yadda gwamnati ta daskare da daukar ma’aikata a kasashen waje.

Don magance halin da ake ciki, kamfanoni suna fadada aiki da kai tsaye suna ɗaukar Malesiya, duk da ƙarin albashi. Wannan shi ne tushen maraba da bukatar kwadago, ganin cewa matakin rashin aikin yi na kasa ya karu daga kashi 3.4 bisa dari a 2019 zuwa kashi 4.2 cikin 100 a watan Maris din 2020. [12]

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Mara kyau?

Babban ribar da masana'antun safar hannu ke morewa kusan nan da nan suka ja hankalin gwamnatin Malaysia, tare da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai da yawa suna buƙatar a ɗora wa manyan kamfanoni harajin "windfall". Masu magana da yawun wannan yunkuri sun yi iƙirarin cewa irin wannan harajin, ban da harajin kamfanoni da ake da su (wanda ya riga ya haura kashi 400 cikin 100 zuwa RM2.4 biliyan a 2020), ya dace saboda kamfanonin suna da ɗabi'a da doka ta “ mayar da ”kudi ga jama’a ta hanyar biyan wannan harajin ga gwamnati. [13]

Da sauri MARGMA tayi fatali da shawarar. Harajin faduwar iska ba wai kawai zai dakatar da shirin fadada kamfanonin safar hannu ba ne don saduwa da karuwar bukata, amma kuma ya takaita sake saka riba a cikin ayyuka don samar da kudade da yawa da kuma ayyukan kera motoci.

Wannan na iya fuskantar barazanar Malesiya cikin sauƙi rasa matsayinta na iko ga wasu ƙasashe waɗanda tuni suka ƙaddamar da haɓaka kayan aiki. Hakanan ana iya jayayya da cewa, idan aka ɗora ƙarin haraji a kan masana'antu yayin lokutan ci gaba na ban mamaki, dole ne gwamnati ta kasance a shirye don ceton manyan 'yan wasanta lokacin da masifa ta faɗa.

Bayan ta auna bangarorin biyu na gardamar, gwamnatin ta dakatar da shirinta na sanya sabon harajin. Dalilin da aka gabatar wa manema labarai shi ne cewa gabatar da harajin riba ba zai kasance ga masu saka jari kawai ba har ma da kungiyoyin farar hula.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Malesiya, ba a taɓa ɗora harajin riba mai ɗorewa a kan kayayyakin da aka gama ba - saboda wahalar tantance ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden farashin kasuwa, musamman don samfuran kamar safofin hannu na roba, waɗanda ke da nau'ikan daban, mizani, bayanai dalla-dalla, da maki daidai gwargwado ga kasashen da aka tallata. [14] Sakamakon haka, lokacin da aka gabatar da Kasafin Kudi na 2021, masu yin safar hannu ba su da karin harajin. Madadin haka, sai aka yanke shawarar cewa Manyan Hudu kamfanoni za su ba da gudummawar hadin gwiwa don ba da gudummawar miliyan RM400 miliyan don tallafawa wasu daga cikin alurar riga kafi da magunguna. [15]

Duk da yake muhawara kan isasshen gudummawar da bangaren ya bayar ga kasar nan ya zama daidai gwargwado, abin da ba za a iya musantawa ba shi ne rigimar da ta dabaibaye manyan 'yan wasanta, musamman Top Glove. Wannan kamfani mai zaman kansa guda daya yana da kwata kwata na fitowar safar safar hannu ta duniya kuma ya samu fa'ida ba adadi daga manyan matakan da ake nema a yanzu.

Top Glove na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara a farkon matsalar lafiya. Godiya ga ci gaban da ba ya misaltuwa a cikin tallace-tallace na safar hannu, kamfanin ya karya bayanan riba da yawa. A cikin zangon kwanan nan na kudi (wanda ya ƙare a ranar 30 Nuwamba Nuwamba 2020), kamfanin ya sami riba mafi yawa na RM2.38 biliyan.

A kowace shekara, yawan ribar da yake samu ya tashi sau 20 daga shekarar da ta gabata. Tun kafin annobar, Top Glove ta kasance a kan hanyar fadada fiye da shekaru biyu, yana haɓaka ƙarfinsa daga guntun safar hannu biliyan 60.5 a watan Agusta 2018 zuwa biliyan 70.1 a cikin Nuwamba Nuwamba 2019. Yin hawa kan nasarar da aka samu kwanan nan, mai yin safar hannu yanzu yana shirin haɓaka karfin shekara-shekara da kashi 30 cikin 100 a karshen 2021 zuwa biliyan biliyan 91.4. [16]

Koyaya, a watan Nuwamba na shekarar da ta gabata, labari ya ba da labarin cewa ma'aikata dubu da yawa - galibi maaikatan ƙasashen waje - a ɗayan rukunin masana'antar kamfanin sun gwada tabbatacce ga kwayar ta coronavirus. A cikin yan kwanaki, aka sanya gidajen kwanan masu aiki da yawa a matsayin manyan rukunin COVID kuma gwamnati ta hanzarta sanya wasu makonni na ingantaccen MCO (EMCO).

Barkewar cutar har ila yau ya sa gwamnati ta bude bincike har 19 a kan wasu rukunoni shida na Top Glove. Wannan ya biyo bayan aiwatar da tilasta aiwatarwa lokaci daya da Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Dan Adam ta aiwatar.

Ma'aikatan da ke cikin ƙungiyar an ba da Umurnin Kula da Gida (HSO) na tsawon kwanaki 14 kuma an sanya su da igiyoyin hannu don sa ido da kuma duba lafiyar yau da kullum.

Duk kuɗin da aka kashe don binciken 'COVID-19' na ma'aikata, wuraren keɓe masu keɓaɓɓu da abinci mai alaƙa, jigilar kaya da masauki ya kamata Top Top ta ɗauki nauyin. Ya zuwa karshen shekara, sama da ma’aikatan kasashen waje 5,000 da ke Top Glove aka ba da rahoton sun kamu da cutar. [17] Kaɗan amma lokuta da yawa ana ba da rahoton a wuraren samar da kayan na sauran ukun Manyan Hudu kamfanoni, suna ba da shawarar cewa matsalar ba ta kasance cikin gida kaɗai ba. [18]

Bincike na hukuma ya nuna cewa babban abin da ya haifar da saurin bullowa da yawa a bangarorin safar hannu sune mummunan yanayin rayuwar ma'aikata. Gidajen kwanan bakin haure sun cika makil, ba tsafta, kuma basu da iska sosai - kuma wannan ya kasance kafin annobar ta auku.

An sanar da girman halin da ake ciki ne ta hanyar kalaman da Darakta-Janar na Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Peninsular Malaysia (JTKSM), wata hukuma a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Ma'aikata: “Babban laifin shi ne cewa masu ba da aikin sun kasa neman takardar izinin zama daga fromungiyar Labour Sashe a karkashin Sashe na 24D na Ka'idojin Mahalli na Ma'aikata na Dokar Gidaje da Kayan Aiki na 1990. Wannan ya haifar da wasu laifuka da suka hada da cunkoson masaukai da dakunan kwanan dalibai, wadanda ba su da dadi kuma ba su da iska sosai. Bugu da kari, gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da su don daukar ma'aikatan ba su bi ka'idojin ba. dokokin gida. JTKSM zai ɗauki mataki na gaba don miƙa takardun binciken da aka riga aka buɗe don a iya bincika duk waɗannan laifuka a ƙarƙashin Dokar. Kowane cin zarafi a karkashin Dokar na dauke da tarar RM50,000 da kuma yiwuwar zaman gidan yari. ”[19]

Shirye-shiryen gidaje marasa kyau ba shine kawai matsalolin damuwa da ke fuskantar ɓangaren safar hannu ba. Top Glove an kuma tura shi cikin hasken duniya a watan Yulin shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da Kwastam da Kariyar Iyakokin Amurka (CBP) suka ba da sanarwar hana shigo da kayayyaki daga wasu rassanta biyu kan damuwar aikin kwadago.

A cikin 2020 Jerin Kayan Kayayyakin Ayyuka da Childarfafa Childaura ko tilastawa rahoto, Ma'aikatar Labour ta Amurka (USDOL) ta zargi Top Glove na:

1) yawaita sanya ma'aikata manyan kudaden daukar ma'aikata;

2) tilasta musu yin aiki akan kari;

3) sanya su aiki cikin yanayi mai hadari;

4) tsoratar da su da ukuba, hana albashi da fasfo, da takura masu. [20] Da farko dai, Top Glove ta karyata ikirarin kwata-kwata, tare da tabbatar da ba da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata.

Duk da haka, rashin iya magance matsalolin a kan lokaci, an tilasta wa kamfanin biyan RM136 miliyan ga ma'aikatan ƙaura a matsayin gyara na kuɗin ɗaukar ma'aikata. [21] Inganta sauran fannoni na jin daɗin ma'aikaci, duk da haka, an bayyana shi a matsayin "aiki na ci gaba" daga jagorancin Top Glove. [22]

Mummuna

Duk waɗannan batutuwan sun jawo hankali ga mahalli mafi fa'ida game da manufofi, da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da shi.

Overarfafa tsarin aiki akan ƙwarewar ma'aikata. Malaysia ta daɗe tana dogaro da ƙwadago na ƙasashen waje masu rahusa daga ƙasashe masu talauci. Dangane da alkalumman da Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Dan Adam ta wallafa, a cikin shekarar 2019, kusan kashi 18 cikin 100 na ma'aikatan Malaysia sun kunshi ma'aikatan bakin haure. [23] Koyaya, idan aka yi la'akari da ma'aikatan baƙi waɗanda ba su da takardu, wannan lambar za ta iya kaiwa ko'ina daga kashi 25 zuwa 40 cikin ɗari. [24]

Matsalar tana ƙara taɓarɓarewa ta hanyar rashin kulawa sau da yawa cewa baƙi da ma'aikatan ƙasa ba cikakkun masu maye gurbinsu bane, tare da matakin ilimi shine babban abin da ke rarrabe jama'a. Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, yawancin ma'aikatan ƙaura waɗanda suka shiga kasuwar kwadago ta Malesiya sun sami ilimin sakandare mafi yawa, yayin da adadin ofan ƙasa masu ilimin manyan makarantu suka karu sosai. [25] Wannan ya bayyana ba kawai banbanci ba a yanayin ayyukan da yawancin ma'aikata daga ƙasashen waje da kuma Malesiya suka ɗauka, har ma da wahalar da masana'antar safar hannu ta roba ke fuskanta wajen cike guraben aiki tare da mazauna yankin.

Rashin aiwatar da ƙa'idodi da sauya matsayin siyasa. Matsalolin da suka dabaibaye masana'antar basu da sabo. Zargin rashin aiki da yanayin gidaje na ma'aikatan ɓangaren safar hannu ya fara bayyana shekaru biyu da suka gabata. A cikin 2018, bayyana biyu masu zaman kansu - da Thomson Reuters Foundation [26] da Guardian [27] - sun bayyana cewa ma’aikatan bakin haure a Top Glove galibi suna aiki a karkashin yanayin da ya hadu da wasu ka'idojin Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya game da "bautar zamani da aikin karfi" . Kodayake gwamnatin Malaysia ta fara amsawa ta hanyar mara wa rikodin rikodin safar hannun riga, [28] sai ta sauya matsayin bayan da Top Glove ta amince da karya dokokin aiki. [29]

Hakanan an nuna rashin daidaiton manufofin gwamnati akan ma'aikatan ƙaura a ɓangaren safar hannu kuma lokacin da zargin USDOL ya fara bayyana. Kodayake Ma’aikatar Ma'aikata ta Malesiya da farko ta yi ikirarin cewa hana shigo da Top Glove “rashin adalci ne kuma ba shi da tushe”, [30] a kwanan nan ta sauya bayanin wuraren zaman ma'aikata zuwa “abin kazanta”, [31] kuma ta gabatar da dokar gaggawa da ke tilasta safar hannu kamfanonin masana'antu su samar da masauki tare da isasshen wurin zama da abubuwan more rayuwa ga ma'aikata 'yan cirani don shawo kan yaduwar kwayar. [32]

Babban Buƙatu. Yayinda yawan masu kamuwa da cutar COVID ke ta ƙaruwa, shirye-shiryen rigakafin a duk duniya suma suna ɗaukar tururi. Sakamakon haka, lokutan samarwa suna ƙara buƙata, tare da matsin lamba wani lokacin yana zuwa daga wuraren da ba zato ba tsammani.

A watan Maris din shekarar da ta gabata, Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka da ke Malaysia ya sake yin wani hoto mai dauke da taken "Ta hanyar samar da safar hannu ta likitanci da sauran kayan aikin likitanci, duniya ta dogara ga Malaysia a yakin da ake yi da COVID-19". [33] Ba zato ba tsammani, an wallafa sakon ne 'yan kwanaki bayan da Amurka ta dage takunkumin shigar da ita na watanni shida kan mai safarar safar hannu na Malaysia WRP Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd. A daidai wannan lokacin, Jakadan EU a Malaysia ya bukaci masu yin safar hannu ta gida da su "kirkira" tabbatar da samar da kayan 24/24 don biyan buƙatun yankin na kayan aikin kariya na sirri. [34]

Duk da damuwar da ake nunawa cewa ayyukan kwadago na iya zama ruwan dare a kamfanonin safar hannu ta Malesiya, buƙatar safofin hannu da ake yarwa ba nuna alamun raguwa a wasu sassan duniya ba.

Kwanan nan Gwamnatin Kanada ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana binciken zargin cin zarafin ma’aikata a masana’antun safar hannu a cikin Malesiya biyo bayan buga jaridar ta CBC Kasuwa rahoto. Buƙata, da wuya, ya faɗi. Hukumar Kula da Iyaka ta Kanada ta yi tsokaci cewa “ba ta yi amfani da harajin da aka sanya wa kaya ba don samarwa ta hanyar tilas ba. Tabbatar da cewa an samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar tilasci yana buƙatar gagarumin bincike da bincike da kuma bayanan tallafi. ”[35]

A Ostiraliya kuma, binciken ABC ya samo babbar shaidar yin amfani da ma'aikata a wuraren samar da safar hannu ta Malaysia. Wani mai magana da yawun rundunar kan iyaka ta Australiya ya ruwaito cewa "gwamnati ta damu da zarge-zargen bautar zamani da ke da alaka da kera kayayyakin kariya na mutum, ciki har da safar hannu ta roba." Amma ba kamar Amurka ba, Ostiraliya ba ta buƙatar masu shigo da kayayyaki don tabbatar da cewa babu tilastawa cikin tsarin samar da su. [36]

Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kuma ci gaba da samo safar hannu ta likitanci daga Malesiya, duk da amincewa da rahoton Ofishin Gida wanda ya kammala "cin hanci da rashawa ya zama ruwan dare a tsarin daukar ma'aikata na Malesiya da kuma kasashen da ke samar da ma'aikata bakin haure, kuma ya shafi kowane bangare na sarkar daukar ma'aikata". [37 ]

Yayinda buƙatar safofin hannu zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, ba za a iya faɗi irin wannan ba game da wadata. MARGMA kwanan nan ta bayyana cewa ƙarancin safar hannu ta duniya zai wuce 2023. Nutse safar hannu abu ne mai cin lokaci, kuma ba za a iya faɗaɗa cibiyoyin samarwa cikin dare ba.

Challengesalubalen da ba a zata ba irin su COVID da ya ɓarke ​​a masana'antun kera safar hannu da ƙarancin kwantenonin jigilar kayayyaki sun ƙara ta'azzara lamarin. Yau, lokacin jagora don umarni ana kiyasta kusan watanni shida zuwa takwas, tare da buƙata daga gwamnatocin matsananciyar yunƙuri suna haɓaka farashin siyar da matsakaici.

Kammalawa

Bangaren safar hannun roba na Malesiya shine tushen aikin yi, musayar kudaden waje, da riba ga tattalin arziki a lokacin gwaji. Demandara yawan buƙata da hauhawar farashi sun taimaka wa kamfanoni masu ƙarfi girma da ƙarfafa sababbin masu shigowa cikin ɓangaren. Idan aka duba gaba, an tabbatar da faɗaɗa ɓangaren, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda ƙimar buƙata, ta ɓarke ​​a wani ɓangare, ta hanyar allurar rigakafin da ke shigowa.

Koyaya, ba duk sababbin abubuwan da aka samo bane suka kasance masu kyau. Babban ribar sashin a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau ya haifar da kira ga harajin iska. Kungiyoyin kwadago da na kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi kira da a raba wasu ribar sosai, musamman idan aka ba da cikakken goyon baya ga bangaren da sashen ke samu. A ƙarshe, yayin da bangaren ba a biyan haraji, shugabannin masana'antun sun yarda su ba da gudummawa da son ransu don fito da allurar rigakafin.

Bayanin da ya fi wannan lalacewa shine bayyanannun ayyukan da yawancin manyan 'yan wasan ke yi bai dace ba. Duk da yake ba halayyar ɓangaren safar hannu na roba ne gaba ɗaya, maganganu masu ɓarna game da wasu kamfanoni an tashe su sau da yawa kuma sun rigaya sun kamu da cutar COVID-19. Haɗuwa da hankalin duniya da yuwuwar ƙimar kamuwa da cuta ya sa hukumomi suka yi aiki.

Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da batutuwa a cikin mafi girman mahallin Malesiya, daga ƙa'idodin da ke kula da ɗaukar ma'aikata, gidaje da kula da ma'aikatan baƙi har zuwa sa ido mai kyau da bincika wuraren aiki da wuraren kwana. Ba a keɓe gwamnatocin abokan ciniki da ɗawainiya, tare da yin kira da a inganta sashen a lokaci guda tare da kira ga rage lokutan samarwa da haɓaka matakan samarwa. COVID-19 ya nuna a sarari cewa rabuwa tsakanin jin daɗin ma'aikata da lafiyar jama'a ba ta bayyana, kuma lallai sun haɗu sosai.

Game da marubuta: Francis E. Hutchinson babban jami'i ne kuma mai kula da shirin nazarin Malaysia, sannan Pritish Bhattacharya shine Jami'in Bincike a cikin Shirin Nazarin Tattalin Arzikin Yankin a Cibiyar ta ISEAS - Cibiyar Yusof Ishak.Wannan ita ce ta biyu daga cikin Ra'ayin biyu da ke duban bangaren safar hannu ta roba . Hangen nesa na farko (2020/138) ya nuna abubuwan da suka taimaka ga haɓakar masana'antar da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin 2020.

Source: An buga wannan labarin a cikin ISEAS Perspective 2021/35, 23 Maris 2021.


Post lokaci: Mayu-11-2021